Rosa laevigata Polysaccharides Ameliorate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Ulcerative Colitis of Beagles through Regulating Gut Microbiota.

Rosa laevigata Michx. polysaccharides (RLP) have been demonstrated to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms and efficacy of these polysaccharide components in preventing ulcerative colitis (UC) remain to be elucidated. The efficacy and mechanisms of RLP were investigated in a study that utilized healthy adult beagles to establish a UC model, considering the similarities in gut microbiota between humans and dogs. In the study, the beagle model induced by sodium dextran sulfate exhibited typical symptoms of ulcerative colitis, such as weight loss and diarrhea. All these symptoms and changes were significantly ameliorated through oral supplementation of RLP. Additionally, microbial community analysis based on the 16S rDNA gene revealed that RLP alleviated UC by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria. In conclusion, our study has provided that RLP effectively alleviated colitis by preserving the intestinal barrier and regulating the gut microbiota composition.

Nearest neighbor bit assisted decision scheme for ISI mitigation in optical camera communications.

To enable a higher transmission rate in optical camera communication (OCC) systems, severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) occurs owing to the reduction of the number of pixel-row-per-bit (PPB). Therefore, those pixels representing data bit 0 or 1 may have same gray scale values, significantly deteriorating the bit decision when using the conventional thresholding scheme. In this Letter, a simple yet efficient scheme, referred to as nearest neighbor bit assisted decision (NNBAD) scheme, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for signal decision in OCC systems. NNBAD leverages the nearest neighbor bit to jointly assist bit decision for pixels with severe ISI. Experimental results show that, for OCC systems with on-off keying (OOK) modulation, those pixels with severe ISI cannot be distinguished by the conventional thresholding scheme. Yet, the NNBAD scheme exhibits strong robustness against ISI, remarkably improving the bit error rate (BER) performance. The proposed scheme can achieve a throughput of 8.2 kbps with OOK modulation under an illuminance of 600 lx.

Molecular Mechanisms of Medicinal Plant Securinega Suffruticosa-derived Compound Securinine against Spinal Muscular Atrophy based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification.

BACKGROUND: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a severe motor neuronal disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Securinine has shown the potential to treat SMA; however, its anti-SMA role remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to reveal the anti-SMA mechanisms of securinine. METHODS: Securinine-associated targets were acquired from Herbal Ingredients' Targets (HIT), Similarity Ensemble Approach (SEA), and SuperPred. SMA-associated targets were obtained from GeneCards and Dis- GeNET. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using GeneMANIA, and hug targets were screened using cytoHubba. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using ClusterProfifiler. Molecular docking was conducted using Pymol and Auto- Dock. In vitro assays were used to verify the anti-SMA effects of securinine. RESULTS: Twenty-six intersection targets of securinine and SMA were obtained. HDAC1, HDAC2, TOP2A, PIK3R1, PRMT5, JAK2, HSP90AB1, TERT, PTGS2, and PAX8 were the core targets in PPI network. GO analysis demonstrated that the intersecting targets were implicated in the regulation of proteins, steroid hormones, histone deacetylases, and DNA transcription. KEGG analysis, pathway-pathway, and hub target-pathway networks revealed that securinine might treat SMA through TNF, JAK-STAT, Ras, and PI3K-Akt pathways. Securinine had a favorable binding affinity with HDAC1, HSP90AB, JAK2, PRMT5, PTGS2, and TERT. Securinine rescued viability suppression, mitochondria damage, and SMN loss in the SMA cell model. Furthermore, securinine increased HDAC1 and PRMT5 expression, decreased PTGS2 expression, suppressed the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, and promoted the PI3K-Akt pathway. CONCLUSION: Securinine might alleviate SMA by elevating HDAC1 and PRMT5 expression and reducing PTGS2 via JAK2-STAT3 suppression and PI3K-Akt activation.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by targeting Hedgehog/SMO signaling.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally. Currently, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of DN. Although several studies have reported the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report that both human umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) and UC-MSC-derived exosomes (UC-MSC-exo) attenuate kidney damage, and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and renal fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced DN rats. Strikingly, the Hedgehog receptor, smoothened (SMO), was significantly upregulated in the kidney tissues of DN patients and rats, and positively correlated with EMT and renal fibrosis. UC-MSC and UC-MSC-exo treatment resulted in decrease of SMO expression. In vitro co-culture experiments revealed that UC-MSC-exo reduced EMT of tubular epithelial cells through inhibiting Hedgehog/SMO pathway. Collectively, UC-MSCs inhibit EMT and renal fibrosis by delivering exosomes and targeting Hedgehog/SMO signaling, suggesting that UC-MSCs and their exosomes are novel anti-fibrotic therapeutics for treating DN.

A GITRL-mTORC1-GM-CSF positive loop promotes pathogenic Th17 response in exacerbating Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Glucocorticoid-induced Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-Receptor Family-related Protein (GITR), with its ligand (GITRL), plays an important role in CD4+T-cell-mediated autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of GITRL in primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS). METHODS: pSS patients and healthy controls were recruited. Serum GITRL and Th17-related cytokines were determinated. RNA-Sequencing was performed to decipher key signal pathways. Non Obese Diabetes (NOD) mice was adopted as experimental Sjögren models and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) transduction was conducted to verify the therapeutic potentials of targeting GITRL in vivo. RESULTS: Serum GITRL was significantly higher in pSS patients and showed a positive correlation with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, autoantibodies, lung involvement and disease activity. Serum GITRL was correlated with Th17-related cytokines. GITRL promoted expansion of Th17 and Th17.1 cells. Expansion of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF+)CD4+T cells induced by GITRL could be inhibited by blockade of GITRL. Moreover, GM-CSF could stimulate GITRL expression on monocytes. RNA-Sequencing revealed mammalian target of rapamycin complexes 1 (mTORC1) might be the key modulator. The increased phosphorylation of S6 and STAT3 and expansion of Th17 and Th17.1 cells induced by GITRL were effectively inhibited by rapamycin, suggesting a GITRL/mTORC1/GM-CSF positive loop in pathogenic Th17 response in pSS. Administration of rAAV vector expressing shRNA targeting GITRL alleviated disease progression in NOD mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our results identified the pathogenic role of GITRL in exacerbating disease activity and promoting pathogenic Th17 response in pSS through a GITRL/mTORC1/GM-CSF positive loop. These findings suggest GITRL might be a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of pSS.

Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Interventions in Individuals With Emerging Virtual Respiratory Tract Infectious Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Assessing rehabilitation effectiveness for persistent symptoms post-infection with emerging viral respiratory diseases. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review of seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PEDro, MedRxiv, CNKI, Wanfang) until 30 December 2023. REVIEW METHODS: Evaluated 101 studies (9593 participants) on respiratory function, exercise capacity, and quality of life. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies and non-RCTs, and the NIH Quality Assessment Tools for before-after studies. RESULTS: The most common rehabilitation program combined breathing exercises with aerobic exercise or strength training. Rehabilitation interventions significantly enhanced respiratory function, as evidenced by improvements on the Borg Scale (MD, -1.85; 95% CI, -3.00 to -0.70, low certainty), the mMRC Dyspnea Scale (MD, -0.45; 95% CI, -0.72 to -0.18, low certainty), and the Multidimensional Dyspnoea-12 Scale (MD, -4.64; 95% CI, -6.54 to -2.74, moderate certainty). Exercise capacity also improved, demonstrated by results from the Six-Minute Walk Test (MD, 38.18; 95% CI, 25.33-51.03, moderate certainty) and the Sit-to-Stand Test (MD, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.07-5.01, low certainty). CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation interventions are promising for survivors of viral respiratory diseases, yet gaps in research remain. Future investigations should focus on personalizing rehabilitation efforts, utilizing remote technology-assisted programs, improving research quality, and identifying specific subgroups for customized rehabilitation strategies to achieve the best outcomes for survivors.

Preparation of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits by electrostatic spinning technique and evaluationin vitroandin vivo.

Objective. Artificial nerve scaffolds composed of polymers have attracted great attention as an alternative for autologous nerve grafts recently. Due to their poor bioactivity, satisfactory nerve repair could not be achieved. To solve this problem, we introduced extracellular matrix (ECM) to optimize the materials.Approach.In this study, the ECM extracted from porcine nerves was mixed with Poly(L-Lactide-co-ϵ-caprolactone) (PLCL), and the innovative PLCL/ECM nerve repair conduits were prepared by electrostatic spinning technology. The novel conduits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile properties, and suture retention strength test for micromorphology and mechanical strength. The biosafety and biocompatibility of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits were evaluated by cytotoxicity assay with Mouse fibroblast cells and cell adhesion assay with RSC 96 cells, and the effects of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits on the gene expression in Schwann cells was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, a 10 mm rat (Male Wistar rat) sciatic defect was bridged with a PLCL/ECM nerve conduit, and nerve regeneration was evaluated by walking track, mid-shank circumference, electrophysiology, and histomorphology analyses.Main results.The results showed that PLCL/ECM conduits have similar microstructure and mechanical strength compared with PLCL conduits. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrates better biosafety and biocompatibility of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits. And the cell adhesion assay further verifies that the addition of ECM is more beneficial to cell adhesion and proliferation. RT-PCR showed that the PLCL/ECM nerve conduit was more favorable to the gene expression of functional proteins of Schwann cells. Thein vivoresults indicated that PLCL/ECM nerve conduits possess excellent biocompatibility and exhibit a superior capacity to promote peripheral nerve repair.Significance.The addition of ECM significantly improved the biocompatibility and bioactivity of PLCL, while the PLCL/ECM nerve conduit gained the appropriate mechanical strength from PLCL, which has great potential for clinical repair of peripheral nerve injuries.

Construction and application of the core competence course training system for infectious disease specialist nurses.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to construct and apply a training course system which was scientific and comprehensive to foster the core competence of infectious disease specialist nurses. DESIGN: A two-round Delphi consultation survey was carried out to collect feedback from experts on constructing the training course system of core competence for infectious disease specialist nurses. Besides, a non-randomized controlled experimental study was adopted to check the application effect of the courses. METHODS: This study adopted a series of methods including group discussion, theoretical analysis and Delphi consultation to draft the training course content of core competence of infectious disease specialist nurses. Twenty-one Chinese experts were invited to participate in the Delphi consultation from November 2021 to December 2021. From October 2022 to January 2023, a total of 105 infectious disease specialist nurses from two training bases were selected by the convenience sampling method, of which the nurses in one training base were the control group and the nurses in the other training base were the observation group. The observation group was trained by the constructed core competence training course. Questionnaire evaluation was used to compare the core competence of infectious disease specialist nurses and the training effect. RESULTS: The experts, regarded as the authorities on the subject, were highly motivated in this study. Besides, they reached a consensus on the results. The final training course system of core competence for infectious disease specialist nurses focused on 5 competence modules and was composed of 12 categories of courses with 66 classes and corresponding objectives. The core competence scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after training (P < 0.05), which proved the training system can effectively enhance the core competence of infectious disease specialist nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The research methods embodied scientific and precise properties. The course system was comprehensive in content and reliable in results. It could serve as a reference for training infectious disease specialist nurses.

Synthesis of Homoallylamines Enabled by Cobalt or Palladium Catalyzed Allylic Substitution of Azaarylmethylamines.

Pd(OAc)2/Nixantphos or CoI2/Nixantphos catalyzed allylic substitutions with weakly acidic C(sp)3-H bonds of azaarylmethylamines are described. This method facilitates access to various kinds of heteroaryl rings containing homoallylamines (39 examples, 30-98% yields) with excellent functional group tolerance and diastereoselectivity. Compared with the Pd/Nixantphos complex, the Co/Nixantphos catalysis could obtain the cyclic products with good to excellent diastereoselectivities. Importantly, the CoI2/(R,R)-Me-Duphos catalyzed reactions exhibit moderate enantioselectivity. Additionally, the scalability of this transformation is successfully demonstrated.

Modulated-symbol domain matched filtering scheme for photonic-assisted integrated sensing and communication system based on a single OFDM waveform.

In this Letter, a modulated-symbol domain matched filtering scheme based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed for the photonic-assisted W-band integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. The photonic-assisted ISAC system based on a single OFDM waveform is experimentally demonstrated. By using the single OFDM waveform, it can improve the spectrum efficiency and achieve dual functionalities of communication and radar detection simultaneously. The optical heterodyne scheme is used to generate the W-band OFDM signal for the ISAC system. The experimental results show that the data rate of OFDM is up to 4.56 Gbit/s; meanwhile, it can achieve the radar ranging with a ranging resolution of 1.88 cm and a ranging error of millimeter level in the OFDM-ISAC system.

Storage of plasma-derived exosomes: evaluation of anticoagulant use and preserving temperatures.

Exosomes carry large cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, serving as versatile biomarkers for disease diagnosis and vehicles for drug delivery. However, up to date, no well recognized standard procedures for exosome storage were available for clinical application. This study aimed to determine the optimal storage conditions and the anticoagulants for plasma-derived exosome isolation. Fresh whole blood samples were collected from healthy participants and preserved in four different anticoagulants including sodium citrate (SC1/4), sodium citrate (SC1/9), lithium heparin (LH), or Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), respectively. Exosomes were extracted from the plasma by differential ultracentrifugation and stored at three different temperatures, 4°C, -20°C or - 80°C for a duration ranging from one week to six months. All plasma samples for storage conditions comparison were pretreated with LH anticoagulant. Exosome features including morphological characteristics, pariticles size diameter, and surface protein profiles (TSG101, CD63, CD81, CD9, CALNEXIN) were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, and Western Blotting, respectively. Exosomes preserved in LH and SC1/4 group tended to remain intact microstructure with highly abundant protein biomarkers. Exosomes stored at 4°C for short time were prone to be more stable compared to thos at -80°C. Exosomes stored in plasma were superior in terms of ultrastructure, size diameter and surface protein expression to those stored in PBS. In conclusion, plasma-dervied exosome characteristics strictly depend on the anticoagulants and storage temperature and duration.

What is the context? Effective isolation of exosomes is a prerequisite for subsequent investigation into its involvemnt in disease development as well as potentialtherapeutic applications.Anticoagulants, storage temperature and durations might change the microscopical structure, integrity and also the stability of plasma-derived exosomes. However, no internationally recognized standard of exosome storage procedure was available for clinical use.What is new? Our finding evaluated the effect of anticoagulants and storage on plasma exosome characteristics.Exosomes isolated from plasma preserved with Li-heparin and sodium citrate (1/4) showed better physical properties and surface marker protein expression.Isolated exosomes appeared more stable in a short time for 4°C compared to −80°C. Storage of exosomes in plasma showed better physical properties and surface marker protein expression than in PBS.What is the impact? Our findings inform the significance of standardizing procedure of exosome isolation and preservation.

Parent-child attachment mediates the association between parental conflict perceptions and suicide intention: a cross-sectional survey among middle school students in China.

Introduction: Adolescent suicide is a prevalent issue globally, with various factors contributing to this phenomenon. This study aimed to investigate these factors and their interrelationships to better understand the causes of adolescent suicide and provide evidence for its prevention. Methods: This study conducted among middle school students in Liaoning Province, China, from April to May 2016, A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1,028 students aged 10-19, using instruments such as the Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC), and revised version of Inventory of Parent Attachment (IPPA-R). Result: Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescents aged 15-19, adolescents with strong perceptions of parental conflict were at high risk of suicide intention. Adolescents living in rural areas, adolescents with high mother-child attachment, adolescents with high father-child attachment were at low risk of suicide intention. Furthermore, parent-child attachment played a mediating role between two dimensions of parental conflict perception (resolved situations and response effect) and suicide intention. Discussion: The study concludes that adolescents living in urban areas, older adolescents, adolescents with a high level of parental conflict intensity, and those with low levels of parent-child attachment are at high risk of suicide intention. parent-child attachment played a mediating role between two dimensions of parental conflict perception (resolved situations and response effect) and suicide intention. Interventions aimed at reducing family conflicts and improving parent-child relationships are recommended to decrease the incidence of adolescent suicide.

Impact of perioperative low-molecular-weight heparin therapy on clinical events of elderly patients with prior coronary stents implanted > 12 months undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the safety and efficacy of discontinuing antiplatelet therapy via LMWH bridging therapy in elderly patients with coronary stents implanted for > 12 months undergoing non-cardiac surgery. This randomized trial was designed to compare the clinical benefits and risks of antiplatelet drug discontinuation via LMWH bridging therapy. METHODS: Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive subcutaneous injections of either dalteparin sodium or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was cardiac or cerebrovascular events. The primary safety endpoint was major bleeding. RESULTS: Among 2476 randomized patients, the variables (sex, age, body mass index, comorbidities, medications, and procedural characteristics) and percutaneous coronary intervention information were not significantly different between the bridging and non-bridging groups. During the follow-up period, the rate of the combined endpoint in the bridging group was significantly lower than in the non-bridging group (5.79% vs. 8.42%, p = 0.012). The incidence of myocardial injury in the bridging group was significantly lower than in the non-bridging group (3.14% vs. 5.19%, p = 0.011). Deep vein thrombosis occurred more frequently in the non-bridging group (1.21% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.024), and there was a trend toward a higher rate of pulmonary embolism (0.32% vs. 0.08%, p = 0.177). There was no significant difference between the groups in the rates of acute myocardial infarction (0.81% vs. 1.38%), cardiac death (0.24% vs. 0.41%), stroke (0.16% vs. 0.24%), or major bleeding (1.22% vs. 1.45%). Multivariable analysis showed that LMWH bridging, creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min, preoperative hemoglobin < 10 g/dL, and diabetes mellitus were independent predictors of ischemic events. LMWH bridging and a preoperative platelet count of < 70 × 109/L were independent predictors of minor bleeding events. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the safety and efficacy of perioperative LMWH bridging therapy in elderly patients with coronary stents implanted > 12 months undergoing non-cardiac surgery. An alternative approach might be the use of bridging therapy with half-dose LMWH. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN65203415.

Rutin alleviates Sjogren's syndrome via CaR/NLRP3/NF-κB signal pathway.

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease. Its mechanism and treatment methods are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rutin (Ru) on SS. Proteomics was used to detect differential proteins in the submandibular glands of normal mice and SS mice. Salivary secretion (SAS) and salivary gland index (SGI) were detected. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine in submandibular glands were detected. The levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1ß, and p-NF-κBp65 in submandibular gland tissues and submandibular gland cells of overexpressed calcium-sensing receptor (over-CaR) mice and overexpressed CaR primary submandibular gland cells (over-CaR-PSGs) were detected. In total, 327 differential proteins were identified in the submandibular gland tissues of SS mice compared to control mice. CaR was one of the most differential proteins and significantly increased compared to control mice. Ru could significantly increase SGI and SGI, and inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine in submandibular glands. In addition, Ru was shown to further improve SS via regulation of the CaR/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signal pathway. Overexpression of CaR counteracted partial activity of Ru. CaR may be an important target for the treatment of SS. In addition, Ru improved the SS via the CaR/NLRP3/NF-κB signal pathway. This study provides a basis for the treatments for SS.

Characteristics of intestinal microbiota in preterm infants and the effects of probiotic supplementation on the microbiota.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of preterm infants, and then analyzed the effects of probiotics supplementation on intestinal microbiota in preterm infants. Methods: This study enrolled 64 infants born between 26 and 32 weeks gestational age (GA) and 22 full-term infants. 34 premature infants received oral probiotic supplementation for 28 days. Stool samples were obtained on the first day (D1) and the 28th day (D28) after birth for each infant. Total bacterial DNA was extracted and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq Sequencing System, specifically targeting the V3-V4 hyper-variable regions of the 16S rDNA gene. The sequencing results were then used to compare and analyze the composition and diversity index of the intestinal microbiota. Results: There was no significant difference in meconium bacterial colonization rate between premature and full-term infants after birth (p > 0.05). At D1, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus in the stool of preterm infants was lower than that of full-term infants, and the relative abundance of Acinetobacter was higher than that of full-term infants. The Shannon index and Chao1 index of intestinal microbiota in preterm infants are lower than those in full-term infants (p < 0.05). Supplementation of probiotics can increase the relative abundance of Enterococcus and Enterobacter, and reduce the relative abundance of Escherichia and Clostridium in premature infants. The Chao1 index of intestinal microbiota decreased in preterm infants after probiotic supplementation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The characteristics of intestinal microbiota in preterm infants differ from those in full-term infants. Probiotic supplementation can reduce the relative abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria and increase the abundance of beneficial microbiota in premature infants.

A Case of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Metastatic to the Breast.

Metastatic carcinoma infiltrating the breast from extramammary malignancies is an infrequent occurrence. Extramammary carcinomas that may be metastatic to the breast include gastrointestinal cancers, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer, among others. These metastatic lesions often pose a diagnostic challenge, resembling primary breast cancer in both clinical and radiographic presentations. The incidence of esophageal cancer metastasizing to the breast is low. Esophageal cancer more commonly spreads to locoregional lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and bone. We present a unique case where primary esophageal adenocarcinoma metastasized to the breast. Our aim is to raise diagnostic awareness by delineating the clinical and pathological findings of this exceptionally infrequent disease.

Effect of parenting style on the emotional and behavioral problems among Chinese adolescents: the mediating effect of resilience.

BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have found that parenting style significantly predicts emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among Chinese adolescents, the mechanism between different parenting styles and EBPs requires in-depth investigation. In our study, we aimed to investigate the mediating effect of resilience, a positive psychological characteristic, between parenting style and EBPs among Chinese adolescents. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we used a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method to collect data in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from November to December 2019. Self-developed questionnaires were distributed to 1028 adolescents aged 10-18. Finally, the study consisted of 895 participants. The bootstrap method was used to investigate the role of resilience as a mediator in the relationship between different parenting styles and EBPs from a positive psychology perspective. RESULTS: The mean score of EBPs was 12.71 (SD = 5.77). After controlling for variables such as gender, age, left-behind children, family type and family income, resilience partially played a mediating role in the associations of paternal rejection (a × b = 0.051 BCa95%CI:0.023,0.080), maternal rejection (a × b = 0.055 BCa95%CI: 0.024, 0.086), paternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.139 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.099) and maternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.140 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.102), with EBPs. The effect sizes were11.28%, 11.51%, 40.76%, and 38.78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Resilience could partially mediate the relationship between parenting style and EBPs, highlighting that parents should adopt a positive parenting style and that resilience improvement could be effective in reducing EBPs among Chinese adolescents.

The biosafety incident response competence scale for clinical nursing staff: a development and validation study.

AIMS: This study was designed to develop a biosafety incident response competence scale and evaluate its validity and reliability among clinical nurses. DESIGN: This study employed a sequential approach, comprising four phases: (1) the establishment of a multidimensional conceptual model, (2) the preliminary selection of the items, (3) further exploration and psychometric testing of the items, (4) the application of the scale among clinical nurses. METHODS: The biosafety incident response competence conceptual model was developed through literature review and the Delphi method. A total of 1,712 clinical nurses participated in the preliminary items selection, while 1,027 clinical nurses were involved in the further psychometric testing from July 2023 to August 2023. The item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to evaluate the construct validity. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability, while validity analysis included content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. From September to November 2023, we conducted a survey using the established scale with a total of 4338 valid questionnaires collected. T-test and variance analysis was employed to determine potential variations in biosafety incident response competence based on participants characteristics. RESULTS: The final scale is composed of 4 factors and 29 items, including monitoring and warning abilities, nursing disposal abilities, biosafety knowledge preparedness, and infection protection abilities. The explanatory variance of the 4 factors was 75.100%. The Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.974, 0.945 and 0.840 respectively. The Scale-level content validity index was 0.866. The Average Variance Extracted of the 4 factors was larger than 0.5, the Construct Reliability was larger than 0.7, and the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio were less than 0.9. There were significant differences in the scores of response competence among nurses of different ages, working years, titles, positions, departments, marital status and participation in biosafety training (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The biosafety incident response competence scale for nurses exhibits satisfactory reliability and validity, making it a valuable tool for assessing clinical nurses' abilities in responding to biosafety incidents.